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A Cub Scout is a participant in the Cub Scout training program operated by many Scouting organizations for young persons, mainly boys aged about 7 to 11. In some organizations they are known by their original name of ''Wolf Cubs'' or simply as ''Cubs''. The program is often referred to simply as ''Cubbing''. Originally the Cubs program was open only to boys; girls were expected to join the Brownies. Since about 1990 the Cubs has been open to both girls and boys in several countries, but in the United States, it is still exclusively for boys. A few organizations also operate a Sea Cub version of Cub Scouts.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 The History of Scouting )〕 ==Foundation== The Wolf Cub scheme was started by The Boy Scouts Association in 1914, seven years after the foundation of the Boy Scouts, in order to cater to the many younger boys who were too young to be Boy Scouts but who wanted to be associated with Scouting. During these first years many troops had either allowed younger boys to join or had set up unofficial junior or cadet scout troops. These junior troops taught very basic Scouting skills, including basic knotting techniques, basic first aid and tracking. In 1914, there were articles in the Headquarters Gazette (a then regular journal for leaders) outlining official "Junior Scout" then "Wolf Cub" schemes. However, Robert Baden-Powell wanted something quite different from a watered down Boy Scout program and recognized that too close an association between the junior program and the Boy Scouts would detract from both. Baden-Powell wanted a junior scheme with distinct name, uniform and other identity and program. In 1914 Baden Powell announced a junior section for Scouting. In 1916, he published his own outlines for such a scheme, it was to be called Wolf Cubbing. It has been speculated that Baden-Powell may have had a number of reasons to call this section Wolf Cubs. Wolf was one of the ranks some Native American tribes gave to their best scouts; Wolf was the name of the cannon made in the railway workshops at Mafeking. So a young boy not old enough to be a wolf or true Scout could be a baby wolf or Wolf Cub. Baden-Powell asked his friend Rudyard Kipling for the use of his ''Jungle Book'' history and universe as a motivational frame in cub scouting. Baden-Powell wrote a new book, ''The Wolf Cub's Handbook'', for junior members. In 1917, junior members became known as Wolf Cubs. In the 1960s and later, the ''Wolf Cub'' section departed from the jungle theme in many organizations. Some organizations changed the name to Cub Scout or something similar but retained the Jungle Stories and Cub ceremony as tradition—such as the use of Jungle Books names (as described below); and the Grand Howl which signals the start and end of the Cub Scout Meetings. Other organizations kept the name but changed the theme totally. Originally, Cub Scout membership was open only to boys while the Brownies were set up as a parallel section for young girls. This remains the situation in some places. Most member organizations of World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) admitted girls to the Cub Scouts while others have separate co-ed sections with a different theme. Most member organizations of the Union Internationale des Guides et Scouts d'Europe (UIGSE) have two single sex sections both named Wolf Cubs and both in the jungle theme. Cub Scouting has ideals of spiritual and character growth, citizenship training, and personal fitness. Cub Scouting provides a positive, encouraging peer group, carefully selected leaders who provide good role models and a group setting where values are taught to reinforce positive qualities of character. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cub Scout」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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